The cultivation of cacao is a global commodity of immense significance. In Mexico, the tradition of growing cacao stretches back to pre-Hispanic times. Here, cacao plants flourish within agroforestry systems, nestled under the protective shade of towering trees.Utilizing agroforestry systems, farmers not only produce high-quality cacao but also enjoy a rich diversity of products from the same land. These systems allow them to harvest a variety of goods for both self-consumption and local sales, including timber, fruits, and grains. This approach to cultivation fosters a remarkable floristic diversity within these ecosystems, supporting the conservation of native plant species and contributing to the enhanced quality of the cacao produced, enriching it for consumption and marketability.

What are agroforestry systems? 

Agroforestry systems are like layered gardens where different types of plants are grown together. In these systems, tall trees provide shade, while smaller trees and crops grow underneath. For example, in a cacao agroforestry system, the cacao plants are nestled under the taller trees. Beneath the cacao, even smaller plants or shrubs might grow. This setup not only protects the cacao tree from too much sun but also allows air and wind to flow more gently through the layers, reducing damage to the plants and keeping the air fresh and moving. It's a smart way to farm that helps all different plant sizes and types support each other. This natural arrangement also helps to regulate humidity levels. By preventing the area from becoming too damp, the system helps protect the cacao plants from issues like fungus, which thrives in overly humid conditions. This method not only creates a healthier environment for the plants but also reduces the risk of disease, ensuring that the crops, including the cacao, stay healthy and productive.

Fun fact: Cacao trees are actually pollinated by tiny insects called midges, which are similar to mosquitoes but much smaller!